Understanding How Adults Learn: What Is Andragogy?
Returning to school as an adult is a big decision—especially if you’re balancing work, family, and other responsibilities. You may be asking yourself, “How will I learn differently now than I did in high school or college?” That’s where andragogy comes in. It’s the theory that explains how adults learn and what teaching strategies work best for them.
What Is Andragogy?
Andragogy is the science and practice of adult learning. The term was popularized by Malcolm Knowles, an American educator who noticed that adults learn differently than children. While traditional education for children—called pedagogy—is often teacher-driven, andragogy centers the adult learner, focusing on self-direction, life experience, and problem-solving.
Key Principles of Andragogy
Knowles outlined six core principles that shape how adults best engage with learning. These principles answer the question: What motivates an adult to learn?
- Self-direction: Adults like to take control of their learning. You're more likely to engage when you decide what, how, and when to learn.
- Life experience: Adults bring years of personal and professional experience into the classroom. These experiences can shape how you absorb new ideas and apply them.
- Relevance: You want what you’re learning to connect to real-life goals—whether that’s career advancement, personal growth, or supporting your family.
- Readiness to learn: Adults tend to be ready to learn when life demands it, like changing careers or returning to school after raising children.
- Orientation to learning: Adults prefer learning that solves practical problems over just memorizing facts.
- Motivation: While external rewards like grades matter, internal motivation—like setting a good example for your kids—plays a bigger role.
Why Andragogy Matters When You're Returning to School
If you're a parent or working adult thinking about going back to school, these principles can help you understand what to expect and how to approach your learning journey more effectively.
- Your experience adds value: Whether you’ve been running a household or working full-time, you’ve built transferable skills like time management, communication, and problem-solving. In an adult learning environment, those skills matter.
- You have clear goals: Adult learners often return to school with specific objectives. You may be there to support a career change, earn a credential, or fulfill a personal dream. Your learning will likely be more focused as a result.
- You manage your time: Adult learning strategies often include flexible scheduling and online options. You’ll have a chance to fit education into your already busy life.
How Andragogy Shapes Adult Learning Strategies
Understanding andragogy helps educators design programs that work for you. Here are a few ways that courses for adult learners are different:
- Collaborative learning: Group discussions and peer feedback are often part of adult education. You’ll learn by sharing your experiences and learning from others.
- Real-world application: Expect practical assignments that let you apply what you’ve learned to real life. For example, instead of writing a paper, you might create a project plan or solve a case study.
- Flexible learning formats: Many programs offer hybrid or fully online classes to fit your schedule. You might access lectures at night or complete projects in stages during the week.
Frequently Asked Questions About Adult Learning
How is adult learning different from traditional education?
Adult learning is more focused on practical application, flexibility, and collaboration. The teacher often acts more like a facilitator than a lecturer, recognizing that you bring knowledge to the table too.
What if I haven’t been in a classroom for years?
That’s completely okay. Adult education programs are designed for people just like you. Many offer resources like writing centers, tutoring, and academic advising to help you adjust.
Is online learning effective for adult students?
Yes, especially when designed with adult learning theories in mind. Online formats offer the flexibility you need and are often organized around practical, interactive modules that relate to your goals.
How can I stay motivated while learning?
Focus on your "why"—your personal reason for going back to school. Whether it’s for your children, a career goal, or personal growth, keeping that reason front and center can help you stay committed.
Tips for Succeeding as an Adult Learner
Going back to school is a commitment, but you can succeed with the right strategies. Here are some tips to support your transition:
- Create a routine: Set aside specific times for study, even if it's just an hour a day. Consistency builds momentum.
- Set realistic goals: Break larger goals into milestones. Celebrate small wins like finishing a chapter or submitting an assignment.
- Ask for support: Connect with instructors, advisors, or fellow students. Don’t be afraid to ask questions or seek feedback.
- Use your strengths: Identify skills you already have and apply them. Your background can offer unique insights that enrich class discussions and projects.
Conclusion: Embracing Lifelong Learning
Andragogy reminds us that learning isn’t just for the young. As an adult, you bring real-world experience, self-direction, and strong motivators to your education. These qualities set you up for meaningful learning that’s relevant to your life today. Whether you’re returning to school after raising a family, changing careers, or chasing a passion, andragogy offers a path that respects your journey and empowers your growth.
